I think this is kind of sad. Knowing those techniques doesn't make you an artist, it makes you a painter. You can be a brilliant painter and yet paint things wh

I think this is kind of sad. Knowing those techniques doesn't make you an artist, it makes you a painter. You can be a brilliant painter and yet paint things which are not very imaginative. You can be a great artist and produce paintings that are not technically brilliant but are still recognised for their imagination. I like painting. I didn't know what scumbling or tonking were, I just read about them. But I do those things anyway as it turns out, and I'm just an amateur messing about so they can't be that hard to discover. For all I know, Hopper knew those techniques and chose not to use them to achieve the artist style he wants to convey.