Correct but in lots of scenarios (containers etc) you cannot execute ptrace() but you can execute mmap(), mprotect(), read(), write() which is all you really ne

Correct but in lots of scenarios (containers etc) you cannot execute ptrace() but you can execute mmap(), mprotect(), read(), write() which is all you really need. Edit: and fork(). See something I published just a month ago: https://github.com/anvilsecure/ulexecve/ https://github.com/anvilsecure/ulexecve/