Is there a generally supported way to back up an entire Linux installation from the device itself while it's running? Is there a way to do it without backing u

Is there a generally supported way to back up an entire Linux installation from the device itself while it's running? Is there a way to do it without backing up all the os packages? With docker I can stop the service, then snapshot its data volume, then restart it. And restoring is very easy. I have no idea how to get that workflow at an os level without a vm manager.