You will always need _some_ framing if you're dealing with bulk data. If it's not bulk, then you don't need framing if everything can fit into one datagram / w

You will always need _some_ framing if you're dealing with bulk data. If it's not bulk, then you don't need framing if everything can fit into one datagram / whatever transfer unit provided by the transport, but the transport itself will need some framing, especially if it will need to support any kind of fragmentation. If it's not bulk and it doesn't fit in a datagram / whatever transfer unit provided by the transport and the transport doesn't do fragmentation, then you have to do framing yourself, and then you have a sequencing problem, and so on, and you quickly re-invent parts of TCP but at the application layer. Basically, it seems inescapable that the Internet is based on packets, and that packets are limited in size, and so application protocols have to be smeared onto packets. Things are only ever trivial when you're doing request/response protocols with always- or mostly-small requests and responses. The moment you need anything that doesn't fit in the path MTU minus overhead, you need framing. So I don't think that an octet stream abstraction is quaint and obsolete.