You are unlikely to need to retire a 10 year old EV. Aside from the early Nissan Leafs, EV batteries are easily lasting more than 10 years. That gives you sever

You are unlikely to need to retire a 10 year old EV. Aside from the early Nissan Leafs, EV batteries are easily lasting more than 10 years. That gives you several years on the used car market. Remember that by 12 years, half of ICEVs are scrapped. There have been pilot projects that take batteries from EVs where the range has dropped too far to be useful and put those into stationary installations. The batteries are used in buildings to store power from solar panels. One problem cited by people working on recycling batteries is that the batteries are lasting a lot longer than initial estimates and the number of batteries that have degraded significantly or have failed outright is rather small. It’s hard to setup a reuse or recycling industry if the supplies are so small. As more cars get to be 10, 15, or more years old, more will degrade to where they are no longer fit for vehicle service or the batteries will fail. That will feed back into the resume/recycle processes.