Exactly that lookup table is the entirety of Pantone's business. They've got a list of colors (which are just indices into this table) mapping these color names

Exactly that lookup table is the entirety of Pantone's business. They've got a list of colors (which are just indices into this table) mapping these color names to a specific CMYK combination as well as chemical formulas for exactly that color in printing, plastic, in all kinds of materials. That ensures that any two people naming the same pantone color will always know exactly which color is meant. And this lookup table is what's copyrighted under database rights.