A Pelton water wheel uses a similar effect as sailing perpendicular to the wind. A normal water wheel moves at nearly the same speed as the water and extracts

A Pelton water wheel uses a similar effect as sailing perpendicular to the wind. A normal water wheel moves at nearly the same speed as the water and extracts little useful energy, like sailing DDW. Note that the energy of the wind is kinetic energy, so taking energy from the wind slows it down. A Pelton wheel has bowl shaped paddles that, like a spoon under a faucet, redirect the water into the exact opposite direction. The wheel runs so that the rim speed is half the water speed. From the perspective of a single paddle, the water is moving half as fast. From this perspective, the water hits the paddle and reverses to leave at the same speed. From an outside perspective, water hits the wheel and basically stops, transferring all its momentum to the wheel. Conservation of momentum also explains how Veritasium was able to ~sail DDW faster than the wind with a land propeller craft. The propeller spun fast enough to slow down the wind behind the craft, meaning energy was extracted.