Ok. A thesis that sounds reasonable, except how do we test this belief and what measuring stick? In other words, how do we know that experience depth lead to b

Ok. A thesis that sounds reasonable, except how do we test this belief and what measuring stick? In other words, how do we know that experience depth lead to being a successful research scientist. What does a successful research career mean? Discover something new and significant? Getting a teaching position? Citation? Nobel prize in a science field?