The Henry George Theorem states that when there are government improvements (which I would probably expand to any improvements), then the land rents increase at

The Henry George Theorem states that when there are government improvements (which I would probably expand to any improvements), then the land rents increase at least as much as spending. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_George_theorem https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_George_theorem The remedy (at least according to Henry George) is to not only continue improving, but also to tax away the land rents, and most likely distribute them equally to all residents. This also means that whenever there's an improvement to, say, transit that is actually beneficial to the community, it can be more than self-funding by taxing land rents.