This doesn't exactly answer your first question, but WebAuthn exists as part of the FIDO2 framework. One of the authentication modes it provides is passwordless

This doesn't exactly answer your first question, but WebAuthn exists as part of the FIDO2 framework. One of the authentication modes it provides is passwordless authentication where all you need to log in is your hardware token like YubiKey or platform token like Apple/Google Passkeys. https://www.yubico.com/authentication-standards/fido2/ https://www.yubico.com/authentication-standards/fido2/ https://webauthn.guide/ https://webauthn.guide/