There is a cliche apparently so far not mentioned: "Girls pay attention to people and boys, to things." So, this cliche can be used to explain the Italian res

There is a cliche apparently so far not mentioned: "Girls pay attention to people and boys, to things." So, this cliche can be used to explain the Italian results: The girls did better when graded by people because girls are a LOT better working with people, e.g., understanding subtle hints of what the teacher would like, how to please the teacher, and then doing so. For more, for some years in grade school, girls are ahead of boys in manual dexterity and, thus, in handwriting. Girls are better than boys in rote memory, language learning and skills, reading, spelling, and some cases of precision in work, e.g., adding columns of numbers. E.g., by the eighth grade, my handwriting was still just awful. So, given a lot of simple arithmetic to do, my accuracy was awful -- I misread my own writing. The teacher assumed I didn't understand the math. Naw, I understood the math just fine right away -- the reason for my poor accuracy was just my awful handwriting from poor manual dexterity. So, the teacher, with her poor understanding, called me aside and with good intentions warmly, fervently advised me never to take anymore math. I told Dad, a high end educator, and he laughed. So, I did very well in all the math the school had -- a college prep school, 97% of the students went on to college, deliberately by far the best school in the city. No one beat me on the Math SATs by much! I never took first year calculus -- taught it, applied it, published research in it but never took it -- and started in the second year of calculus. In college I gave weekly lectures to a prof on topology and got "Honors in Math" -- wrote on group representations. My Ph.D. was in pure/applied math. Saw a problem in a class, worked on it for 2 weeks, solved the problem, later published the work. That 8th grade teacher didn't understand math. Maybe you have noticed that it is standard for companies greatly to prefer females for positions working with people -- clerks, customer service, human resources, etc. So, managers in companies didn't have to wait for these Italian results and have understood very well quite broadly going way back that women are much better at human facing work -- MUCH better. The boys/men don't intend to mess up. Instead, they just don't understand people nearly as well and, thus, don't know when they are messing up. Good for the Italian researchers doing well uncovering part of what has been common wisdom for a very long time! Ah, Wotan is ripping his guts out over what he has to do to his DAUGHTER https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Ojhx-cFsJw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Ojhx-cFsJw