Any penalty less than the profit, isn't an effective penalty, and won't act as a deterrent. The Securities and Exchange Commission (USA) has a history of givin

Any penalty less than the profit, isn't an effective penalty, and won't act as a deterrent. The Securities and Exchange Commission (USA) has a history of giving million-dollar fines for crimes that produced billions in profit and/or took billions away from victims. And the lack of deterrence has been reflected in the actions of the US financial industry.