Not a joke. Don't know deeply about all parliamentary cultures around the world but here[1] is an example of a small party that finally got 1 MP elected (2019)

Not a joke. Don't know deeply about all parliamentary cultures around the world but here[1] is an example of a small party that finally got 1 MP elected (2019) only to expel this MP from the party within months of the election due to disagreement over policy voting. It is my understanding that in most (all?) democracies MP's legitimacy arise from the electorate, not the party. The party may strip the membership from an MP but can't strip them from the elected office. This may be more likely to happen in proportional representation[2] parliaments than in majoritarian systems of representation, specially for up and coming and small parties. Denmark follows [2]. [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LIVRE https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LIVRE [2] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional_representation https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional_representation