> If the competitors never meet or agree on anything, is it still illegal? No idea how the laws were written, but the vast majority were conceived before moder

> If the competitors never meet or agree on anything, is it still illegal? No idea how the laws were written, but the vast majority were conceived before modern big data systems were possible, and even today most regulators are unprepared for arguments like this (from the article): > Using software like YieldStar is “taking what we used to do manually on a yellow pad and calling people on the phone and putting it on a codified system where you take the errors out of the pricing,” he said. Modern big data and ML capabilities mean that not only is the human removed from the details of the process, but even understanding the mechanics and relative weight of different inputs becomes all but impossible. Large-scale human-based processes can still feel opaque and arbitrary from the outside, but at least there are entry points for human empathy and (more importantly) accountability. As we saw in the 2008 financial crisis, it's a very dangerous state of affairs when the risks and rewards of financial innovation are decoupled across different parties by means of opaque and unintelligible instruments. Computers are not the same as paper.