There actually are plenty of cartoons and shows with female role models in positions where they have to overcome something big, much of which became more promin

There actually are plenty of cartoons and shows with female role models in positions where they have to overcome something big, much of which became more prominent since the 2000s. Specifically older shoujo anime feature female characters with arcs spanning more than a few episodes, akin to what most shounen anime is like. Even female characters in shounen tend to go through those arcs. The whole girlboss thing isn't that omnipresent, though there are still some leftovers of the whole Disney princess "just be as you are and it will be fine" era.