That's precisely right. Unfortunately, this is caused by managers so often rewarding "confidence" instead of competence. Fortunately, the way out of this is

That's precisely right. Unfortunately, this is caused by managers so often rewarding "confidence" instead of competence. Fortunately, the way out of this is through greater use of data and analysis. I always find it amusing when an overconfident manager s left speechless when you show them the numbers indicating what they just said is bs. Of course, the nice thing about using data is that it makes managerial blowhards think twice before making promises or telling people that they've actually done something great.