Does anyone have a link to the paper? I found a similar study from 2020: https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/pdfExtended/S1550-4131(19)30611-4 https://www.cel

Does anyone have a link to the paper? I found a similar study from 2020: https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/pdfExtended/S1550-4131(19)30611-4 https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/pdfExtended/S1550-4131(... EDIT: I _think_ https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(22)00397-7 https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(22)... is the paper, but this article is kind of blog-spammy. Paper Summary: Late eating has been linked to obesity risk. It is unclear whether this is caused by changes in hunger and appetite, energy expenditure, or both, and whether molecular pathways in adipose tissues are involved. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, controlled, crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02298790) to determine the effects of late versus early eating while rigorously controlling for nutrient intake, physical activity, sleep, and light exposure. Late eating increased hunger (p < 0.0001) and altered appetite-regulating hormones, increasing waketime and 24-h ghrelin:leptin ratio (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.006, respectively). Furthermore, late eating decreased waketime energy expenditure (p = 0.002) and 24-h core body temperature (p = 0.019). Adipose tissue gene expression analyses showed that late eating altered pathways involved in lipid metabolism, e.g., p38 MAPK signaling, TGF-β signaling, modulation of receptor tyrosine kinases, and autophagy, in a direction consistent with decreased lipolysis/increased adipogenesis. These findings show converging mechanisms by which late eating may result in positive energy balance and increased obesity risk. Highlights: "Specifically, late eating significantly increased the odds of a >50 response on the VAS scale of how much a participant would like to eat (p < 0.0001), of reporting a desire to eat starchy foods (p < 0.0001) or meat (p < 0.0001), and of reporting a strong desire to eat (p < 0.0007). There were also increases in reported desire for salty foods (p < 0.0051), dairy (p < 0.034), and vegetables (p < 0.036)." "During the 16-h wake episode, late eating decreased average leptin by 16% (p < 0.0001) and increased the ghrelin:leptin ratio by 34% (p < 0.0001), consistent with the increased hunger probability during that time, while during the 8-h sleep episode, late eating increased average leptin by 10% (p = 0.0028), decreased ghrelin by 13% (p = 0.0002), and decreased the ghrelin:leptin ratio by 18% (p < 0.0001)." "Taken together, our results suggest that late eating caused a decrease in energy expenditure across the 24-h cycle, although future studies are needed to verify this." "...late eating significantly increased waketime hunger, decreased 24-h leptin, had no significant effect on 24-h ghrelin, decreased waketime energy expenditure, and decreased 24-h CBT." (and lots more -- study is quite interesting)