There is a lot of discussion about supercomputers in this article. I don't think public cloud providers can compete easily with traditional super computers beca

There is a lot of discussion about supercomputers in this article. I don't think public cloud providers can compete easily with traditional super computers because they are built for optimal processing of extremely large scale MPI workloads. Such workloads are not common so I expect that public cloud providers wouldn't bother optimizing for this niche use case (though I know they all have offerings). Also when you are only optimizing for a single variable (i.e. speed), you can make design choices that would be impossible to make in a more general situation. Of course, not all scientific computing workloads require a traditional supercomputer. In fact, I suspect most do not.