I see these efforts as an XY problem. The goal is X=Fairness. The solution Y=Help Disadvantaged groups. Giving things to people who have been treated unfairly

I see these efforts as an XY problem. The goal is X=Fairness. The solution Y=Help Disadvantaged groups. Giving things to people who have been treated unfairly seems fair. But each individual in the group is different. Do you want to help a member of this group because (X) they have been treated unfairly? Or because (Y) they are a member of the group?