You can imagine a worst-case scenario for the electricity used to charge the cars, or you can imagine a best-case scenario. The car itself is zero-emission by

You can imagine a worst-case scenario for the electricity used to charge the cars, or you can imagine a best-case scenario. The car itself is zero-emission by the definition posted. You are hypothesizing that the electricity used to charge the car comes from a dirty source, but that has nothing to do with the car itself, and in Texas for example, it's easily to choose a "100% renewable" energy provider. I just checked PowerToChoose[0] and found 26 "100% Renewable" plans available from companies like CleanSky[1]. 0. https://powertochoose.org/en-us https://powertochoose.org/en-us 1. https://cleanskyenergy.com https://cleanskyenergy.com