Not a perfect system but the Folkuniversitet in some parts of Sweden provides similar education to what you envision here. They have both vocational courses (b

Not a perfect system but the Folkuniversitet in some parts of Sweden provides similar education to what you envision here. They have both vocational courses (business, economics, IT, healthcare, etc.) as well as courses in humanities, arts (including performing arts, and writing) and so on. You can take courses whenever you want, or apply for a longer vocational education.