It's less about what's technically forbidden and more about what's actually enforced. If the carrier forces you to spend an hour on hold to talk to a customer

It's less about what's technically forbidden and more about what's actually enforced. If the carrier forces you to spend an hour on hold to talk to a customer support agent to reissue an eSIM provisioning code, would that be considered tying? Probably not, yet it's still very effective at discouraging people from switching phones.