> So the question is why were all these university people running Unix instead of VMS. Were they just dumb? The "university" people were still running VMS cert

> So the question is why were all these university people running Unix instead of VMS. Were they just dumb? The "university" people were still running VMS certainly up through 1990 or so. Very few people ran Ultrix on their VAX hardware. And workstations were never widespread in universities as workstations basically cost as much as a car. A lab with 8 workstations was still a big deal in 1990. Unix didn't sweep away VMS, PCs did. Just like PCs swept away workstations. Unix didn't "win" until it latched onto PCs as a host. And people also forget that Unix didn't "win"--it lost terribly to both Microsoft and Apple.