> software delivery absolutely is a system A system/organization with a sufficient number of members will create emergent behaviors that no individual leader (

> software delivery absolutely is a system A system/organization with a sufficient number of members will create emergent behaviors that no individual leader (or engineering leader) can account for. That's the domain of culture. See religion for examples of successful ones. A key characteristic is that the individual is meaningless and at best only a channel through which the greater-than-individual interactions play out. So, when an individual applies system modelling to the situation -- they will necessarily overemphasize the portions they understand and believe while FAILING to incorporate anything representing the behaviors they aren't aware of. People like comfort blankets. System modeling is a particularly powerful one. The actual applicability of the practice is a question to be left to evolution.