Taking into account the comment by tlb@ about "do you really want that?" If you really want that then I think a good keyword to search for is "External memory

Taking into account the comment by tlb@ about "do you really want that?" If you really want that then I think a good keyword to search for is "External memory algorithms" (or also I think secondary storage), e.g. this 2001 survey: External Memory Algorithms and Data Structures: Dealing with Massive Data https://users.cs.duke.edu/~reif/courses/alglectures/vitter.papers/Vit.IO_survey.pdf https://users.cs.duke.edu/~reif/courses/alglectures/vitter.p... I think there is at least one other survey out there which would have references. Of course not all these algorithms have actually been tried in production :) Which is what I tend to look for And this is pre-cloud, which changes things a lot for "massive data"