> In practice, the "hot loops" of Python are in c/c++/fortran/cython/numba/ How would this be comparing apples to apples? The paper’s main objective is to com

> In practice, the "hot loops" of Python are in c/c++/fortran/cython/numba/ How would this be comparing apples to apples? The paper’s main objective is to compare programming languages in their own native calls. It is like properly translating the Bible or Shakespeare to other languages: some translations will be more textual than others, loosing all the nuances, specially if compared to the original transcript. If you have python glue calls to other processes written in other languages, then you would be creating noisy in results. It is not the purpose of the paper at all, and it is outside of its scope.