> Exceptions are a poor-man's implementation of an error-handling applicative or monad type. True, but in those languages, exceptions can be thrown from anywhe

> Exceptions are a poor-man's implementation of an error-handling applicative or monad type. True, but in those languages, exceptions can be thrown from anywhere anyway. > Checked exceptions are especially terrible because their usage forces handling of exceptions in every layer of the call stack above the point where the checked exception might be thrown That's not true. Handling a checked exception in one layer means you don't need to handle it in the above layers.