The paper has several key flaws: - it does not address recent dematerialization and improved efficiency per human in the first world. - it does not address "of

The paper has several key flaws: - it does not address recent dematerialization and improved efficiency per human in the first world. - it does not address "off planet" in any way. We can build the surface area of over a billion earths just by disassembling mercury and using it to build rotating space habitats. - it doesn't address the fact that human energy consumption is a tiny fraction of what is available in our own solar system. Less than 2 billionths of sunlight hits earth at all, and efficiency keeps going up. much less than 0.1% of the earth has solar panels, so with solar alone we can increase energy production more than a trillion times more than today. - it doesn't address the potential other energy sources like fusion, which have capacities far beyond fossil fuels. All of this has the net effect of the paper sounding smart but its only applicable in a scenario where technological progress stops and we never truly leave the planet. I actually think it's good for people to think of plan B options, but plan A should be to build tech, get off planet, and have a trillion+ hunans living in luxury.