Erasure coding combined with hashing. Since erasure coding uses data redundancy to help with recovery, bit rot with one stream/disk can be automatically detecte

Erasure coding combined with hashing. Since erasure coding uses data redundancy to help with recovery, bit rot with one stream/disk can be automatically detected and recovered (subject to supported levels of error correction). Hashing would be on top of it to ensure detection of tampering/errors. Using multiple hashes is also a good strategy.