I don't understand, how could a company own your IP if you work outside of business hours on your own computer? Unless it's in direct competition with trade se

I don't understand, how could a company own your IP if you work outside of business hours on your own computer? Unless it's in direct competition with trade secrets of your employer's business I don't see how they could claim ownership over anything. They can't enforce ownership over generic things like writing a user management system, a billing portal or creating a searchable and sortable data view? Loosely related is way too ambiguous. You could make a case that almost anything is loosely related to programming because it's general problem solving applied to a specific context. Any time you spend doing this process can help you in other skills. That would mean you wouldn't be able to do anything.