My first thought it that in the US universities are largely private institutions so the constitution isn’t relevant - you’re looking at legislation like title 9

My first thought it that in the US universities are largely private institutions so the constitution isn’t relevant - you’re looking at legislation like title 9. The next thing to ask is how do you rectify decades of explicit discrimination against a variety of groups, and then the subsequent less overt discrimination following the passage of the CRA? Given that every piece of evidence shows bias in people from X recommending and/or hiring from X and X adjacent universities and facilities - including getting into labs at other universities if you’re looking at some form of postgrad - how do you compensate for unintentional biases? Eg someone isn’t intentionally racist but they prefer recommendations from people they went to school with, and none of them work at/with HBCUs. Universities with hereditary enrollment are inherently racist, as many explicitly did not allow black Americans to be students until relatively recently, and even when the CRA passed continued a variety of explicitly discriminatory policies. The result of which is that the hereditary enrollments have a huge bias against PoC. I am not saying diversity statements are what has to happen - I think such are largely puffery that is easier than working out how to actually fix things - just that the problem is not trivial, and the seeming alternative people propose is simply to say “just keep doing what we are doing now” as we aren’t being explicitly biased anymore, which is actively harmful BS.