For the first - you can just look at the original AlexNet paper. The kernels are unmistakably strikingly Gabor-like. Some differences, like cross-color, are kin

For the first - you can just look at the original AlexNet paper. The kernels are unmistakably strikingly Gabor-like. Some differences, like cross-color, are kind of giving rise to possibly interesting questions - is it improvement or deficiency(i.e. more training would correct) over biology? or may be it is just real-valued projection from the [plausible] fact that the optimal is complex-valued? >? I don't have that specific reference i had in mind that was published 15-20 years ago, yet you can trace that line of thought development through the works like these for example (there have been a bunch of them in the 199x and into 200x) : 1990 - https://opg.optica.org/josaa/abstract.cfm?uri=josaa-7-8-1362 https://opg.optica.org/josaa/abstract.cfm?uri=josaa-7-8-1362 1998 - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12662821/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12662821/