TLDR: In this study, we found that hate speech increased in absolute volume, and also as a proportion of total tweeting activity, at temperature extremes. The q

TLDR: In this study, we found that hate speech increased in absolute volume, and also as a proportion of total tweeting activity, at temperature extremes. The quasi-quadratic shape of the temperature–hate tweet curve was robust across varying climate zones, income quartiles, and religious and political beliefs. …daily maximum temperatures of more than 30°C were consistently associated with substantial increases in hate speech.