> we likely will need hydrogen technology for that (I don't think anyone knows how to do metal manufacturing with electricity directly) As far as I know, indee

> we likely will need hydrogen technology for that (I don't think anyone knows how to do metal manufacturing with electricity directly) As far as I know, indeed, we can't use electricity directly. But it's not just heavy industries like steel that need high heat: also general building heating, transportation (any mode), mining, everything needs to become zero carbon. Hydrogen allows us to transition some industries that can't use electricity directly as far as I know, but that extra step just introduces another efficiency into the system. Even at 1:1 (win some on building heating and mass transport, lose some on e.g. hydrogen conversions), it seems to me like a tough challenge to be self sufficient and climate neutral in western Europe. Gonna need every angle we can get.