> Pretty much any time a variable/parameter type or a function return type uses capitalized Integer, Long, Boolean, etc. instead of lowercase int, long, boolean

> Pretty much any time a variable/parameter type or a function return type uses capitalized Integer, Long, Boolean, etc. instead of lowercase int, long, boolean, etc. boxing is probably occurring. That probably occurring hides a lot of complexity. That’s my original point. Optimisations are happening especially when Integer and Long are involved. There are sometimes actually less boxing than you would expect reading the code.