It's not one of those that you listed, but the @dataclass decorator uses type hints to auto-generate classes and class constructors (__init__ method) for you.

It's not one of those that you listed, but the @dataclass decorator uses type hints to auto-generate classes and class constructors (__init__ method) for you. An example: @dataclass class HackerNewsPost: title: str author: str votes: int = 0 This will generate a constructor that looks like this: def __init__(title: str, author: str, votes: int = 0): self.title = title self.author = author self.votes = votes This is pretty useful, writing __init__ boilerplate has been a common thing in my experience using Python, and it makes code more compact and readable. It can do some other things too! https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html