Discrimination literally means "being able to tell two things apart". In social contexts, it generally means "treating a group of people disadvantageously becau

Discrimination literally means "being able to tell two things apart". In social contexts, it generally means "treating a group of people disadvantageously because of some trait that should not be relevant". Showing that atheists are treated disadvantageously in the US is easy. Political representation is an obvious one. Showing that this disadvantage also takes the form of life expectancy and lifetime earnings after controlling for confounders is not easy. But that ask isn't asking for proof of discrimination. It is asking for extremely strong proof of discrimination that would only be possible through monumental effort, and would require a really strong effect, depending on the manner of discrimination, it might not be measurable through life expectancy or lifetime earnings. Discrimination that makes you less happy whithout shortening your life or impoverishing you is still bad!