Individual countries are usually left to enforce these laws on their own. Many EU countries are already subsidizing their national carriers in one way or anothe

Individual countries are usually left to enforce these laws on their own. Many EU countries are already subsidizing their national carriers in one way or another, so they aren't always keen to push passenger rights. For example Germany notably allowed Lufthansa to illegally hold customers' funds for more than a year after cancelling flights during COVID.