There is an interesting, relatively novel body of research studying electrophysiological and genetic correlates of mathematical talent. And among it one can fin

There is an interesting, relatively novel body of research studying electrophysiological and genetic correlates of mathematical talent. And among it one can find preliminary evidence showing that even after controlling for general intelligence, there are are some nontrivial differences between individuals with mathematical talent and controls: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4052339/pdf/fnhum-08-00430.pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4052339/pdf/fnh... https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3000871 https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/jou... Looks like mathematical aptitude really takes a different architecture of the brain.