During the period that educated Europeans believed in the reality of magic, it was understood to be of two types. "Natural magic" is when you are manipulating t

During the period that educated Europeans believed in the reality of magic, it was understood to be of two types. "Natural magic" is when you are manipulating the physical world without understanding the mechanism by which it works. "Demonic magic" is when you are calling upon some spirit-world entity to manipulate the physical world for you. Pre-modern people understood that natural magic was just a matter of having limited understanding of the physical world. They would have been comfortable calling it "technology." The really big conceptual change came when people stopped believing in the plausibility of demonic magic.