that's what i meant. the resolvers (which those apps talk to) are (afaik) generally rfc-conforming and respect ttl, though they may have lower max ttl values,

that's what i meant. the resolvers (which those apps talk to) are (afaik) generally rfc-conforming and respect ttl, though they may have lower max ttl values, allowing faster refreshes in some cases. certain bad applications however just don't bother dealing with ttls at all and assume dns is static and never changes.