1 physical product (not class of products) = 1 barcode = 1 identification E.g. in web system you can assign owner to barcode (product). Different scenarios if

1 physical product (not class of products) = 1 barcode = 1 identification E.g. in web system you can assign owner to barcode (product). Different scenarios if owner is known before purchase or assigned later. All other trials to validate product id as unique should fail and client might request return of money.