This quote from the article: "If the work you complete is always below your velocity, that tells me that you're making up a number rather than using observation

This quote from the article: "If the work you complete is always below your velocity, that tells me that you're making up a number rather than using observations," is quite insightful. I would add that another reason this happens is that Planned versus Unplanned work is not tracked. If you don't formally track unplanned work I would argue that it is impossible to get meaningful velocity numbers.