$2 billion isn't completely out of line. Nvidia annual R&D budget from 2019 onwards averages to like ~$3.5 billion per year (https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/

$2 billion isn't completely out of line. Nvidia annual R&D budget from 2019 onwards averages to like ~$3.5 billion per year (https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/NVDA/nvidia/research-development-expenses https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/NVDA/nvidia/resear...). Intel needs to buy talent, make shit loads of mistakes, try as hard as they can to squeeze as much driver optimization as they can in reduce the driver gap as much as possible.