I believe you are thinking of Henry David Thoreau, the author of _Walden_ and a friend of Ralph Waldo Emerson, the author of the linked "Self Reliance."
You may enjoy HN darling(?) Pinboard's 2013 talk on Thoreau and his phoniness: (https://idlewords.com/talks/thoreau_2.0.htm https://idlewords.com/talks/thoreau_2.0.htm)