The Car Connectivity Consortium recently standardized Digital Key Release 3.0 (see https://global-carconnectivity.org/ https://global-carconnectivity.org/) whic

The Car Connectivity Consortium recently standardized Digital Key Release 3.0 (see https://global-carconnectivity.org/ https://global-carconnectivity.org/) which leverages UWB to provide precise, real-time spatial data that promises to be very effective at preventing relay attacks. Replay attacks, on the other hand, are mitigated by the application protocol through short-lived ranging keys. A few cars implement Digital Keys 2.0, which uses NFC (Notably BMW in all their new models, but also some models in the Hyundai-Kia group). I expect most manufacturers implementing their own Bluetooth variation to switch over relatively quickly.