I have observed Oracle engaging in structured overcharging in Toronto, many years ago. This took the form of excess licence numbers issued, but not actually nee

I have observed Oracle engaging in structured overcharging in Toronto, many years ago. This took the form of excess licence numbers issued, but not actually needed/used. Not sure how they did it, but it ended up in litigation = huge payola to politicians scandal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_Computer_Leasing_Inquiry#:~:text=The%20Toronto%20Computer%20Leasing%20Inquiry,the%20Toronto%20External%20Contracts%20Inquiry https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_Computer_Leasing_Inqui.... In December of that year, the city acquired 10,000 Oracle database licenses, again through an MFP lease. This turned out to be a serious overestimate of the city's actual needs. Actual needs = less than half. The consultant was hand in glove with Oracle and they well knew Toronto was overpaying. Ever since then I am wary of Oracle.