You need to consider sea and river transport if you compare Europe to the USA for freight. A big chunk of the bulk goods market (coal, stone/ore, grain) is move

You need to consider sea and river transport if you compare Europe to the USA for freight. A big chunk of the bulk goods market (coal, stone/ore, grain) is moved by water in Europe: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Modal-Split-of-Freight-Transport-in-the-EU-the-USA-and-Japan_fig4_305589858 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Modal-Split-of-Freight-T... And India runs electric double-stack container trains, but of course it would be an enormous upgrade project to convert to this -- tunnels and bridges more than the wires: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNq8lP6cfL4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNq8lP6cfL4