Just wanted to clarify that singling out Boeing and Intel specifically was not my intention: I really meant commercial aircraft and semiconductors industries as

Just wanted to clarify that singling out Boeing and Intel specifically was not my intention: I really meant commercial aircraft and semiconductors industries as a whole, using those two companies as a syndoche, because of the massive investment and large time delays between the commitment of money and the result in the market. Those two in particular seem to require regular, hugely expensive (10+ billion dollar) efforts of 5-10 years in duration to keep up the pace of technical development, so picking the wrong horse is catastrophic for a long while. (Obviously the A380 never killed anyone like the 737Max did, but it definitely was a massive, 25 billion dollar sinkhole for the company- some estimates are that Airbus never even turned a profit on the flyaway cost of the airplane, excluding development costs! If Boeing hadn't simultaneously had the 737Max actual disaster, it would have been much worse for Airbus. Intel has seen TSMC power ahead, which has made their problems more obvious.)