In Norway, you are employed by the University. Your title is a (doctorate) "stipendiat", but in any case - you are still employed, with a state governed title

In Norway, you are employed by the University. Your title is a (doctorate) "stipendiat", but in any case - you are still employed, with a state governed title and minimum wage. Current minimum wage for these seem to be 491200 NOK, or roughly $50k / year. Obviously not a whole lot compared to being a salaried professional with Masters Degree...but also much more than the usual student loan / stipend here in Norway, which is 128877 NOK / $13.2k